中華人民共和國海上交通安全法
名稱中華人民共和國海上交通安全法
發布文號主席令(1983)7號
發布部門中華人民共和國全國人民代表大會常務委員會
發布日期19830902
施行日期19840101
中華人民共和國海上交通安全法
(一九八三年九月二日第六屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二次會議通過)
目 錄
第一章 總 則
第二章 船舶檢驗和登記
第三章 船舶、設施上的人員
第四章 航行、停泊和作業
第五章 安全保障
第六章 危險貨物運輸
第七章 海難救助
第八章 打撈清除
第九章 交通事故的調查處理
第十章 法律責任
第十一章 特別規定
第十二章 附 則
第一章 總 則
第一條 為加強海上交通管理，保障船舶、設施和人命財 產的安全，維護國家權益，特制定本法。
第二條 本法適用于在中華人民共和國沿海水域航行、停泊和作業的一切船舶、設施和人員以及船舶、設施的所有人、經營人。
第三條 中華人民共和國港務監督機構，是對沿海水域 的交通安全實施統一監督管理的主管機關。
第二章 船舶檢驗和登記
第四條 船舶和船上有關航行安全的重要設備必須具有船舶檢驗部門簽發的有效技術證書。
第五條 船舶必須持有船舶國籍證書，或船舶登記證書， 或船舶執照。
第三章 船舶、設施上的人員
第六條 船舶應當按照標準定額配備足以保證船舶安全的合格船員。
第七條 船長、輪機長、駕駛員、輪機員、無線電報務員話 務員以及水上飛機、潛水器的相應人員，必須持有合格的職務證書。
其他船員必須經過相應的專業技術訓練。
第八條 設施應當按照國家規定，配備掌握避碰、信號、通信、消防、救生等專業技能的人員。
第九條 船舶、設施上的人員必須遵守有關海上交通安全的規章制度和操作規程，保障船舶、設施航行、停泊和作業的安全。
第四章 航行、停泊和作業
第十條 船舶、設施航行、停泊和作業，必須遵守中華人民共和國的有關法律、行政法規和規章。
第十一條 外國籍非軍用船舶，未經主管機關批準，不得進入中華人民共和國的內水和港口。但是，因人員病急、機件故障、遇難、避風等意外情況，未及獲得批準，可以在進入的同時向主管機關緊急報告，并聽從指揮。
外國籍軍用船舶，未經中華人民共和國政府批準，不得進入中華人民共和國領海。
第十二條 國際航行船舶進出中華人民共和國港口，必須接受主管機關的檢查。本國籍國內航行船舶進出港口，必須辦理進出港簽證。
第十三條 外國籍船舶進出中華人民共和國港口或者在港內航行、移泊以及靠離港外系泊點、裝卸站等，必須由主管機關指派引航員引航。
第十四條 船舶進出港口或者通過交通管制區、通航密 集區和航行條件受到限制的區域時，必須遵守中華人民共和國政府或主管機關公布的特別規定。
第十五條 除經主管機關特別許可外，禁止船舶進入或 穿越禁航區。
第十六條 大型設施和移動式平臺的海上拖帶，必須經船舶檢驗部門進行拖航檢驗，并報主管機關核準。
第十七條 主管機關發現船舶的實際狀況同證書所載不相符合時，有權責成其申請重新檢驗或者通知其所有人、經營人采取有效的安全措施。
第十八條 主管機關認為船舶對港口安全具有威脅時， 有權禁止其進港或令其離港。
第十九條 船舶、設施有下列情況之一的，主管機關有權禁止其離港，或令其停航、改航、停止作業：
二、處于不適航或不適拖狀態;
三、發生交通事故，手續未清;
四、未向主管機關或有關部門交付應承擔的費用，也未提供適當的擔保;
五、主管機關認為有其他妨害或者可能妨害海上交通安全的情況。
第五章 安全保障
第二十條 在沿海水域進行水上水下施工以及劃定相應的安全作業區，必須報經主管機關核準公告。無關的船舶不得進入安全作業區。施工單位不得擅自擴大安全作業區的范圍。
在港區內使用岸線或者進行水上水下施工包括架空施工，還必須附圖報經主管機關審核同意。
第二十一條 在沿海水域劃定禁航區，必須經國務院或 主管機關批準。但是，為軍事需要劃定禁航區，可以由國家軍事主管部門批準。
禁航區由主管機關公布。
第二十二條 未經主管機關批準，不得在港區、錨地、航 道、通航密集區以及主管機關公布的航路內設置、構筑設施或者進行其他有礙航行安全的活動。
對在上述區域內擅自設置、構筑的設施，主管機關有權責令其所有人限期搬遷或拆除。
第二十三條 禁止損壞助航標志和導航設施。損壞助航 標志或導航設施的，應當立即向主管機關報告，并承擔賠償責任。
第二十四條 船舶、設施發現下列情況，應當迅速報告主管機關：
一、助航標志或導航設施變異、失常;
二、有妨礙航行安全的障礙物、漂流物;
三、其他有礙航行安全的異常情況。
第二十五條 航標周圍不得建造或設置影響其工作效能 的障礙物。航標和航道附近有礙航行安全的燈光，應當妥善遮蔽。
第二十六條 設施的搬遷、拆除，沉船沉物的打撈清除， 水下工程的善后處理，都不得遺留有礙航行和作業安全的隱患。在未妥善處理前，其所有人或經營人必須負責設置規定的標志，并將礙航物的名稱、形狀、尺寸、位置和深度準確地報告主管機關。
第二十七條 港口碼頭、港外系泊點、裝卸站和船閘，應當加強安全管理，保持良好狀態。
第二十八條 主管機關根據海上交通安全的需要，確定、調整交通管制區和港口錨地。港外錨地的劃定，由主管機關報上級機關批準后公告。
第二十九條 主管機關按照國家規定，負責統一發布航行警告和航行通告。
第三十條 為保障航行、停泊和作業的安全，有關部門應當保持通信聯絡暢通，保持助航標志、導航設施明顯有效，及時提供海洋氣象預報和必要的航海圖書資料。
第三十一條 船舶、設施發生事故，對交通安全造成或者可能造成危害時，主管機關有權采取必要的強制性處置措施。
第六章 危險貨物運輸
第三十二條 船舶、設施儲存、裝卸、運輸危險貨物，必須具備安全可靠的設備和條件，遵守國家關于危險貨物管理和運輸的規定。
第三十三條 船舶裝運危險貨物，必須向主管機關辦理申報手續，經批準后，方可進出港口或裝卸。
第七章 海難救助
第三十四條 船舶、設施或飛機遇難時，除發出呼救信號外，還應當以最迅速的方式將出事時間、地點、受損情況、救助要求以及發生事故的原因，向主管機關報告。
第三十五條 遇難船舶、設施或飛機及其所有人、經營人應當采取一切有效措施組織自救。
第三十六條 事故現場附近的船舶、設施，收到求救信號或發現有人遭遇生命危險時，在不嚴重危及自身安全的情況下，應當盡力救助遇難人員，并迅速向主管機關報告現場情況和本船舶、設施的名稱、呼號和位置。
第三十七條 發生碰撞事故的船舶、設施，應當互通名稱、國籍和登記港，并盡一切可能救助遇難人員。在不嚴重危及自身安全的情況下，當事船舶不得擅自離開事故現場。
第三十八條 主管機關接到求救報告后，應當立即組織救助。有關單位和在事故現場附近的船舶、設施，必須聽從主管機關的統一指揮。
第三十九條 外國派遣船舶或飛機進入中華人民共和國領海或領海上空搜尋救助遇難的船舶或人員，必須經主管機關批準。
第八章 打撈清除
第四十條 對影響安全航行、航道整治以及有潛在爆炸危險的沉沒物、漂浮物，其所有人、經營人應當在主管機關限定的時間內打撈清除。否則，主管機關有權采取措施強制打撈清除，其全部費用由沉沒物、漂浮物的所有人、經營人承擔。
本條規定不影響沉沒物、漂浮物的所有人、經營人向第三方索賠權利。
第四十一條 未經主管機關批準，不得擅自打撈或拆除 沿海水域內的沉船沉物。
第九章 交通事故的調查處理
第四十二條 船舶、設施發生交通事故，應當向主管機關遞交事故報告書和有關資料，并接受調查處理。
事故的當事人和有關人員，在接受主管機關調查時，必須如實提供現場情況和與事故有關的情節。
第四十三條 船舶、設施發生的交通事故，由主管機關查明原因，判明責任。
第十章 法律責任
第四十四條 對違反本法的，主管機關可視情節，給予下列一種或幾種處罰：
一、警告;
二、扣留或吊銷職務證書;
三、罰款。
第四十五條 當事人對主管機關給予的罰款、吊銷職務證書處罰不服的，可以在接到處罰通知之日起十五天內，向人民法院起訴;期滿不起訴又不履行的，由主管機關申請人民法院強制執行。
第四十六條 因海上交通事故引起的民事糾紛，可以由主管機關調解處理，不愿意調解或調解不成的，當事人可以向人民法院起訴;涉外案件的當事人，還可以根據書面協議提交仲裁機構仲裁。
第四十七條 對違反本法構成犯罪的人員，由司法機關依法追究刑事責任。
第十一章 特別規定
第四十八條 國家漁政漁港監督管理機構，在以漁業為主的漁港水域內，行使本法規定的主管機關的職權，負責交通安全的監督管理，并負責沿海水域漁業船舶之間的交通事故的調查處理。具體實施辦法由國務院另行規定。
第四十九條 海上軍事管轄區和軍用船舶、設施的內部管理，為軍事目的進行水上水下作業的管理，以及公安船舶的檢驗登記、人員配備、進出港簽證，由國家有關主管部門依據本法另行規定。
第十二章 附 則
第五十條 本法下列用語的含義是：
“沿海水域”是指中華人民共和國沿海的港口、內水和領海以及國家管轄的一切其他海域。
“船舶”是指各類排水或非排水船、筏、水上飛機、潛水器和移動式平臺。
“設施”是指水上水下各種固定或浮動建筑、裝置和固定平臺。
“作業”是指在沿海水域調查、勘探、開采、測量、建筑、疏浚、爆破、救助、打撈、拖帶、捕撈、養殖、裝卸、科學試驗和其他水上水下施工。
第五十一條 國務院主管部門依據本法，制定實施細則， 報國務院批準施行。
第五十二務 過去頒布的海上交通安會法規與本法相抵觸的，以本法為準。
第五十三條 本法自一九八四年一月一日起施行。
附英文
MARITIME TRAFFIC SAFETY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Important Notice: (注意事項)
英文本源自中華人民共和國務院法制局編譯, 中國法制出版社出版的《中華人民
共和國涉外法規匯編》(1991年7月版).
當發生歧意時, 應以法律法規頒布單位發布的中文原文為準.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法規全文)
MARITIME TRAFFIC SAFETY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the Second Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 7 of the
President of the People's Republic of China on September 2, 1983, and
effective as of January, 1, 1984)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Inspection and Registration of Vessels
Chapter III Personnel on Vessels and Installations
Chapter IV Navigation, Berthing and Operations
Chapter V Safety Protection
Chapter VI Transport of Dangerous Goods
Chapter VII Rescue from Disasters at Sea
Chapter VIII Salvage and Removal of Sunken and Drifting Objects
Chapter IX Investigation and Handling of Traffic Accidents
Chapter X Legal Liability
Chapter XI Special Provisions
Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This law is formulated in order to strengthen the control of maritime
traffic; ensure the safety of vessels, installations, human life and
property; and safeguard the rights and interests of the state.
Article 2
This Law shall apply to all vessels, installations and personnel and to
the owners and managers of such vessels and installations that navigate,
berth or operate in the coastal waters of the People's Republic of China.
Article 3
The harbour superintendence agencies of the People's Republic of China
shall be the competent authorities responsible for the unified supervision
and administration of traffic safety in the coastal waters.
Chapter II Inspection and Registration of Vessels
Article 4
Vessels and their major equipment relating to navigation safety must have
valid technical certificates issued by vessel inspection departments.
Article 5
A vessel must have a certificates showing its nationality, a vessel
registry certificate or a vessel licence.
Chapter III Personnel on Vessels and Installations
Article 6
Vessels shall be manned with qualified crew members according to a
standard quota to ensure the vessels' safety.
Article 7
The captain, chief engineer, pilot, engineers, radio and telephone
operators and similar personnel on board seaplanes or submersibles must
hold valid job certificates. All other crew members must undergo
specialized technical training required for their work.
Article 8
In accordance with state provisions, all installations shall be provided
with personnel who have mastered the techniques of collision avoidance,
signalling, communications, fire control, life-saving and other
operations.
Article 9
All personnel on vessels and installations must observe relevant rules and
regulations concerning maritime traffic safety, follow the operating rules
and ensure the safety of the vessels and installations in navigation,
berthing and operations.
Chapter IV Navigation, Berthing and Operations
Article 10
While navigating, berthing or carrying out operations, vessels and
installations must abide by the relevant laws, administrative statutes and
rules and regulations of the People's Republic of China.
Article 11
Non-military vessels of foreign nationality may not enter the internal
waters and harbours of the People's Republic of China without the approval
of its competent authorities. However, under unexpected circumstances such
as critical illness of personnel, engine breakdown or the vessels being in
distress or seeking shelter from weather when they do not have the time to
obtain approval, they may, while entering China's internal waters of
harbour, make an emergency report to the competent authorities and shall
obey its directions.
Military vessels of foreign nationality may not enter the territorial
waters of the People's Republic of China without the approval of the
Government of the People's Republic of China.
Article 12
Vessels sailing on international routes that enter and leave the harbours
of the People's Republic of China must accept inspection by the competent
authorities. Vessels of Chinese nationality sailing on domestic routes
that enter and leave such harbours must obtain port entry and departure
visas.
Article 13
Vessels of foreign nationality entering and leaving a harbour of the
People's Republic of China, navigating or shifting berths in the harbour
area, or approaching or leaving mooring points or loading spots outside
the harbour must be navigated by a pilot designated by the competent
authorities.
Article 14
When entering or leaving harbours or passing through controlled traffic
areas, crowded navigable areas or areas where navigational conditions are
restricted, vessels must observe the special regulations promulgated by
the Government of the People's Republic of China or by the competent
authorities.
Article 15
Vessels shall be prohibited from entering or passing through restricted
navigation zones unless specially permitted by the competent authorities.
Article 16
Towing operations on the open sea involving large-sized installations and
mobile platforms must undergo towing inspection conducted by vessel
inspection departments and be reported to the competent authorities for
examination and approval.
Article 17
If the competent authorities finds the actual condition of a vessel to be
not in conformity with what is stated in the vessel's certificates, it
shall have the right to require the vessel to apply for a new inspection
or notify its owner or manager to adopt effective safety measures.
Article 18
If the competent authorities believes that a vessel presents a menace to
the safety of a harbour, it shall have the right to forbid the vessel from
entering the harbour or to order it to leave the harbour.
Article 19
The competent authorities shall have the right to forbid a vessel or an
installation from leaving the harbour or order it to suspend its voyage,
change its route or cease its operations under any one of the following
circumstances:
(1) if it violates any law, administrative statute or other rule or
regulation of the People's Republic of China;
(2) if it is in a condition unsuitable for navigation or towing;
(3) if it was involved in a traffic accident and has not completed the
necessary formalities;
(4) if it has not paid the fees that are due or furnished appropriate
security to the competent authorities or the department concerned: or
(5) if the competent authorities considers that there are other
circumstances that will jeopardize or might jeopardize maritime traffic
safety.
Chapter V Safety Protection
Article 20
Construction operations to be carried out on the surface or underwater in
coastal waters and the demarcation of corresponding safe operation zones
must be reported to the competent authorities for examination and approval
and must be publicly announced. Vessels not involved in the construction
project may not enter the safe operation zones. The construction unit may
not enlarge such zones without authorization. When shore lines are to be
used in harbour areas or when construction work, including overhead
operations, is to be carried out on the sea surface or underwater in such
areas, the plan and a drawing thereof must be submitted to the competent
authorities for examination and approval.
Article 21
The designation of restricted navigation zones in coastal waters must be
approved by the State Council or the competent authorities. However, the
designation of restricted navigation zones for military purposes shall be
approved by the competent department of the state in charge of military
affairs.
The restricted navigation zones shall be announced by the competent
authorities.
Article 22
Without the approval of the competent authorities, no installations may be
established or constructed, nor may any activities that hinder
navigational safety be carried out in harbour areas, anchorages,
navigation lanes, or crowded navigable areas, as well as in navigation
routes announced by the competent authorities.
With respect to any installations which have been established or
constructed in the above-mentioned areas without authorization, the
competent authorities shall have the right to order their owners to remove
or dismantle the installations within a given period of time.
Article 23
It shall be forbidden to damage navigation aids or navigational
facilities. Whoever has damaged navigation aids or navigational facilities
shall immediately report the damage to the competent authorities and be
liable for compensation.
Article 24
Vessels and installations shall promptly make a report to the competent
authorities if they discover any of the following situations:
(1) If navigation aids or navigational facilities malfunction or become
abnormal;
(2) if an obstacle or drifting object jeopardizing the safety of
navigation is discovered; or
(3) if there are other abnormal situations jeopardizing the safety of
navigation.
Article 25
No obstacle affecting the efficacy of navigation aids may be erected or
installed in areas surrounding the aids. Any lights in the vicinity of the
navigation aids or navigational lanes that jeopardize navigation safety
shall be properly screened.
Article 26
When removing or dismantling installations, salvaging or removing sunken
ships or objects, and handling the finishing operations of underwater
projects, no hidden dangers shall be left to menace navigational or
operational safety. Before the aforesaid operations have been properly
completed, their owners or managers must be responsible for erecting
markers as required and making an accurate report to the competent
authority on the type, shape, size and location of the obstacle and the
depth of water over it.
Article 27
Safety administration must be strengthened with respect to harbour
wharves, mooring points and loading spots outside of harbour areas as well
as ship locks, so that they are always kept in good condition.
Article 28
To meet the requirements of maritime traffic safety, the competent
authority shall fix and adjust traffic control areas and harbour
anchorages. The designation of anchorages outside of harbour areas shall
be announced by the competent authority after the report relative thereto
has been submitted to and approved by higher authorities.
Article 29
The competent authorities shall, in accordance with relevant provisions of
the state, be responsible for issuing navigational warnings and
navigational notices.
Article 30
In order to ensure the safety of navigation, berthing and operations, the
departments concerned shall maintain unimpeded communications facilities,
ensure distinct and effective navigation aids and navigational facilities
and, in a timely manner, provide offshore meteorological forecasts and
necessary books and reference materials concerning maritime navigation.
Article 31
When vessels and installations are involved in accidents that jeopardize
or may jeopardize traffic safety, the competent authorities shall have the
right to take necessary, compulsory measures to deal with the matter.
Chapter VI Transport of Dangerous Goods
Article 32
When vessels or installations store, load, unload or transport dangerous
goods, they must maintain safe and reliable equipment and conditions and
observe the state provisions governing the control and transport of
dangerous goods.
Article 33
When vessels load and transport dangerous goods, they must go through the
procedures for declaration to the competent authorities and they may not
enter or leave the harbour or load or unload until approval has been
obtained.
Chapter VII Rescue from Disasters at Sea
Article 34
When vessels, installations or aircraft are in distress, they shall, in
addition to issuing distress signals calling for help, use the quickest
method possible to report to the competent authorities the time and place
of the accident, the extent of damage, the assistance required and the
cause of the accident.
Article 35
Vessels, installations or aircraft in distress and their owners or mangers
shall take all effective measures to organize their own rescue efforts.
Article 36
When vessels or installations in the vicinity of the scene of an accident
receive a distress signal or discover that people's lives are endangered,
they shall do their best to rescue the people in distress insofar as their
own safety is not seriously endangered, and promptly report to the
competent authorities the situation at the scene, their own names, call
numbers and positions.
Article 37
Vessels or installations involved in a collision shall exchange their
names, nationalities and ports of registry and do their best to rescue
personnel in distress. The vessels involved may not leave the scene of
the accident without authorization, insofar as their own safety is not
seriously endangered.
Article 38
Upon receiving a request for rescue, the competent authorities shall
immediately organize a rescue operation. All units concerned and vessels
or installations in the vicinity of the scene must act under the orders of
the competent authorities.
Article 39
When a foreign country intends to dispatch vessels or aircraft into the
territorial waters or the airspace over the territorial waters of the
People's Republic of China to search for and rescue vessels or people in
distress, it must obtain the approval of the competent [Chinese]
authorities.
Chapter VIII Salvage and Removal of Sunken and Drifting Objects
Article 40
With respect to sunken or drifting objects that may affect the safety of
navigation and the management of navigation lanes, as well as those
constituting a threat of explosion, the owners or managers thereof shall
salvage and remove such objects within a deadline set by the competent
authorities. Otherwise, the competent authorities shall have the right to
take measures to compel the salvage and removal of the objects, and their
owners or managers shall bear all the expenses incurred thereby.
The provisions of this Article shall not prejudice the rights of the
owners or managers of the sunken or drifting objects to demand
compensation from third parties.
Article 41
No sunken vessels or sunken objects in the coastal waters may be salvaged
or dismantled without the approval of the competent authorities.
Chapter IX Investigation and Handling of Traffic Accidents
Article 42
Any vessel or installation involved in a traffic accident shall submit a
written accident report and relative materials to the competent
authorities and accept its investigation and handling of the accident.
While being investigated by the competent authorities the parties involved
in the accident and relevant personnel must give a truthful account of
circumstances at the scene of the accident and other relevant information.
Article 43
In the event of a traffic accident that involves a vessel or installation,
the competent authorities shall ascertain the cause of the accident and
fix the responsibility for it.
Chapter X Legal Liability
Article 44
The competent authorities shall, in the light of the circumstances, impose
one or more of the following penalties on anyone who violates this Law:
(1) warnings;
(2) withholding or revoking work certificates; or
(3) fines.
Article 45
If a party does not accept the penalty of a fine or revocation of his work
certificate imposed by the competent authorities, he may bring suit in a
people's court within 15 days after receiving notification of the penalty.
If he neither brings suit nor complies with the penalty upon the
expiration of that period, the competent authorities shall request
compulsory enforcement from the people's court.
Article 46
A civil dispute arising from a maritime traffic accident may be settled
through mediation by the competent authorities. If the parties are
unwilling to have the case mediated or if the mediation is unsuccessful,
the parties may bring suit in the people's court. Parties to a case
involving foreign interests may also submit the case to an arbitration
agency for mediation, in accordance with the written agreement concluded
between them.
Article 47
Those whose violation of this Law constitutes a crime shall be
investigated for their criminal responsibility by judicial organs in
accordance with the Law.
Chapter XI Special Provisions
Article 48
Within the waters of fishing harbours, the state fisheries administration
and fishing harbour superintendence agencies shall exercise the functions
and powers of the competent authorities as provided in this Law, being
responsible for the supervision and administration of traffic safety and
for the investigation and handling of traffic accidents between fishing
vessels in coastal waters. Concrete measures for implementation shall be
separately prescribed by the State Council.
Article 49
The internal administration of offshore military jurisdictional areas and
military vessels and installations, the administration of surface and
underwater operations carried out for military purposes, and the
inspection and registration of public security vessels, the provision of
their personnel and the issuing of their port entry and departure visas
shall be separately prescribed by the relevant competent departments of
the state in accordance with this Law.
Chapter XII Supplementary Provisions
Article 50
For the purpose of this Law, the definitions of the following terms are:
"Coastal waters" means the harbours, inland waters, territorial waters and
all other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the state along the seacoast
of the People's Republic of China.
"Vessels" means all types of displacement or non-displacement ships,
rafts, seaplanes, submersibles and mobile platforms.
"Installations" means all types of surface and underwater structures or
installations, whether fixed or floating, and fixed platforms.
"Operations" means investigations, exploration, exploitation, survey
construction, dredging, demolition, rescue, salvage, towing, fishing,
aquatic breeding, loading and unloading, scientific experimentation and
other surface and underwater operations.
Article 51
The competent department of the State Council shall, on the basis of this
Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which shall go into effect
after being submitted to and approved by the State Council.
Article 52
In cases of conflict between laws and regulations pertaining to maritime
traffic safety hitherto promulgated and this Law, this Law shall prevail.
Article 53
This Law shall go into effect on January 1, 1984.
